Category: Chemistry Questions

Salt is an ionic compound consisting of an anion known as acid and a cation known as base. Salt is present in large quantities in seawater, where it is the primary mineral constituent. Saltiness is one of the basic human tastes and is essential for an animal’s life. 

It is an ionic compound with an anion other than OH- and a cation other than H+. However, it is obtained along with the water in the neutralization reaction between bases and acids.  

Acid + Base           Salt + Water 

Sodium Chloride is the best-known salt that is mainly used broadly and is known to everyone.  

Types of Salt

Acidic Salt: Acidic salt is formed by the partial neutralization of polyprotic or diprotic acid. Acidic salts have ionizable H+ ions along with other cations. However, the ionizable H+ is a part of an anion, and some of the acid salts are utilized for baking purposes. E.g., NaHSO4 

Alkali or Basic Salt: Alkali salt is generated by a strong base’s partial neutralization by a weak acid. Alkali salts are hydrolyzed to form a basic solution, as when the basic hydrolysis occurs, the conjugate base of a weak acid is produced in the solution. E.g., White lead. 

Double Salt: Double salt contains more than one anion or cation. It is obtained by the combination of two different salts that are crystallized in the same ionic lattice. For e.g.: Rochelle salt. 

Mixed Salt: Mixed salt contains a fixed proportion of two salts, often sharing either a common anion or cation. E.g., CaOCl2 

Properties of salt

Saltwater contains ions. 

Saltwater is a good conductor of electricity. 

The electrostatic force of attraction holds the ions together, and a chemical bond is said to form in between them. 

Read More – Chemistry Questions 

Chemistry is the study of describing matter, its transformations, and the interaction between energy and matter. After reading the definition, you must be wondering why you even need to study the subject? Even if you are not pursuing your career in science, even then, you have to study the subject. But have you ever analyzed why you need to do so? 

Well, after analyzing so many questions, we have compiled the answer to them for you. So you don’t need to struggle to find it everywhere. 

Chemistry is everywhere in the world, and even it is around you. It is probably in the food you eat, the medicines you take, the clothes you wear, the water you drink, and many more. Chemistry is sometimes known as the central science as it connects the other sciences like geology, physics, biology, and environmental science to each other. 

To give you a clearer vision of it, we have compiled a few reasons to study chemistry. Let us have a closer look at it. 

The basic knowledge of chemistry will help you understand the product labels.

Chemistry can help you understand the world around you. It will answer several questions like why do the leaves change color, why the plants are green, what is inside the soap, and how does it clean? And many more. 

It can help you make some informed decisions. For instance, if we consider an advertised product, if you know, then you can at least analyze how the product will work, or it is just a scam. 

Chemistry will help you understand the science behind cooking and understand the chemical reactions involved in making baked foods. 

Chemistry can keep you safe as it will familiarize you with the dangerous substances present in the home. 

Studying chemistry can open up a broad spectrum of career options for you. You can choose the best career option for you from a massive list, including the food industry, homemaking, and many more. 

Studying chemistry can be fun. There are a lot of chemistry projects that you can choose to work on. Chemistry projects can be an exciting point of inspiration to study and explore more about it. 

Did you find the reasons relevant and got some inspiration to study chemistry with the same excitement? Don’t forget to check on the other blogs. 

Stay connected for more!! 

In chemistry, everything is made up of atoms and such atoms combine to form a molecule. When the molecules of an atom are repeated, they create a solid structure called a Crystal.  

A Crystal has sub-units and various joints where we assume that molecules can be present. Space, where the atom or molecules of a crystal are arranged in an ordered manner, is called a Lattice.  

• A crystal is composed of several unit cells, which repeat each other forming a solid.  

• Every particle at the corner of a crystal is called a lattice point.  
• The regular arrangement of such atoms, molecules or ions in the 3D structure is known as a ‘Crystal lattice’. 

Book Your 60-minutes Free Trial class NOW!

What is “Mr” in Chemistry?

“Mr” stands for relative formula mass that can be used in the conservation of mass calculations. Calculations can be done to figure out the uncertainties in measurements and concentrations of a solution.

Calculation of relative formula mass

The relative formula mass of a substance is made up of molecules. A relative formula mass Mr of a compound can be calculated as the sum of relative atomic masses of all the atoms in the formula’s number. Ar is the relative molecular mass in the periodic table.

Find the Mr of CO.

Ar of O (Oxygen) is 16 and Ar of C (Carbon) is 12

Mr of CO = 16 + 12 = 28.

Let us take another example of this.

For instance, you need to calculate the relative formula mass Mr of CaCO3, where it is given that the relative atomic mass of Calcium is 40; Oxygen is 16 and Carbon is 12.

Now let us see how we can calculate the Mr

Book Your 60-minutes Free Trial class NOW!

What is “Ka” in Chemistry?

The “Ka” stands for the acid dissociation constant. It is the equilibrium constant of the dissociation reaction of an acid. Ka is commonly expressed in the units of mol/L.  

There are tables of the acid dissociation constant. In the case of an aqueous solution, the general form of equilibrium reaction is:  

HA + H2O ⇆ A- + H3O+  

Here HA is an acid that dissociates in the conjugate base of A–  

A hydrogen ion combines water to form the hydronium ion H3O+  

When the concentrations of HA, H3O+, and A– no longer changed over time, then the reaction is said to be at equilibrium, and the dissociation constant for it may be calculated as:   

Ka = [A- ] [H3O+ ] / [HA] [ H2O]  

You must be wondering why we have used the brackets here. The square brackets indicate the concentration.  

Unless an acid is tremendously concentrated, the equation is simplified by holding the water concentration as constant. Let us see how we can represent it.  

HA ⇆ A- + H+ 

Ka = [A- ] [H+ ] / [HA]  

The acid dissociation constant is also referred to as acid ionization constant or acidity constant. 

Crude oil is a restricted asset. Fracture is used to transform lengthy alkanes into small, more functional hydrocarbons. The fractional distillation procedure is the detachment of a mixture into its component parts. Basically, is the procedure of split crude oil into groups of hydrocarbons with the related numeral of carbon atoms. We designate this category of hydrocarbons “fractions”.

When heat is an appeal to the crude oil chemical compounds are split – bring about the fractions of the combination to vaporize and distil. A selection of crude oil is a category of hydrocarbon molecules of related size with alike boiling tips. There are many ways to identifying the useful fractions which are distilled from crude oil.

Book Your 60-minutes Free Trial class NOW!

One common method is by fractionating into three types: light, middle, and substantial fractions. Heavier components condense at higher temperatures & these are removed at the bottom of the column. An oil cleanser cleans and breaks up the crude oil into numerous fuels and by-products. The most supreme one is gasoline. The other petroleum outcome is diesel fuel, heating oil, and jet fuel.

We can sum up the fractional distillation process into 3 parts. 

A) Evaporation 

• Crude oil is warmed up till it evaporates. 
• Oil vapour is admitted a fractionating pillar at the foundation and stands up skywards. 

B) Condensation 

• The warmth is towering at the foundation of the column. Long-series hydrocarbons precipitate at the foundation and are composed as liquids. 
• Short-series hydrocarbons have foundation boiling points. They constrain the pillar and precipitate at lower temperatures nearby the top. 

C) Collection 

• The fragment is collected. They are then prepared to generate end products: 
• Fuels are an ordinary product. 
• Petrochemical production can use some fragments as feedstock to make solvents, lubricants, detergents, etc. 

Book Your 60-minutes Free Trial class NOW!

The table appears some knowledge about four of the fragments from crude oil that are used as fuels. 

Fragments	Boiling point in °C	Numeral of carbon atoms initiate in the molecules
Gasoline (petrol)	20-200	5-10
Kerosene (paraffin)	180-260	10-16
Diesel	260-340	14-20
Fuel oil	370-600	20-70

Diamond and Graphite, both are formed from carbon atoms. They possess, unlike structural forms and properties because of the nature of bonds formed amongst Carbon atoms.

Diamond has 4 valence electrons of Carbon atoms which forms a covalent bond with adjoining Carbon atoms. These covalent bonds give strength to a Diamond. The electrons of a Carbon atom are arranged in an sp3 hybridization state.

Book Your 60-minutes Free Trial class NOW!

Graphite has 3 valence electrons of carbon atoms that form a covalent bond with adjoining Carbon atoms. The electrons of a Carbon atom are arranged in an sp2 hybridization state. The fourth valence electron, which is weakly bonded to the three neighboring Carbon atoms, is totally free to move which makes the graphite a good conductor of electricity. The planes of graphite are held by weak Van der Waals forces that allow them to slide over each other making graphite soft.